Alternative Data Market Size to Surpass USD 168.2 Billion by 2034, at a CAGR of 34.0%

The global alternative data market size reached USD 12 Billion in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 168.2 Billion by 2034, at a CAGR of 34.0% during 2026-2034.

SHERIDAN, WY, UNITED STATES, April 2, 2026 /EINPresswire.com/ -- IMARC Group, a leading global market research and management consulting firm, has published its latest market intelligence report on the Global Alternative Data Market. The global alternative data market size reached 𝐔𝐒𝐃 𝟏𝟐 𝐁𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐧 in 2025 and is projected to reach 𝐔𝐒𝐃 𝟏𝟔𝟖.𝟐 𝐁𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐨𝐧 by 2034, at a CAGR of 𝟑𝟒.𝟎% during 2026-2034. The report provides a comprehensive analysis of market size, growth trends, key drivers, segmentation, regional dynamics, and competitive landscape, offering valuable insights for investors, business strategists, consultants, and C-suite executives.

The market is growing rapidly as financial institutions, hedge funds, and enterprises look beyond traditional data to stay competitive. Advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning have made it possible to extract real signals from unstructured datasets — satellite imagery, credit card transactions, geolocation feeds, social sentiment — that simply were not usable a decade ago. At the same time, the explosive growth of e-commerce and digital platforms keeps generating new behavioral data at scale, feeding demand for alternative data across industries well beyond finance.

𝐃𝐨𝐰𝐧𝐥𝐨𝐚𝐝 𝐚 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐏𝐃𝐅 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭: https://www.imarcgroup.com/alternative-data-market/requestsample

𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐇𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬

● 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐒𝐢𝐳𝐞 (𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓): USD 12 Billion

● 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐕𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 (𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟒): USD 168.2 Billion

● 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐭𝐡 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐞: 34.0% CAGR (2026–2034)

● 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧: North America's (over 68.9% market share in 2025)

● 𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐫𝐬: 1010Data Inc., Advan Research Corporation, Dataminr Inc., Eagle Alpha, M Science, Nasdaq Inc., Preqin, RavenPack, The Earnest Research Company, Thinknum Inc.

𝐄𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐬 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐲 𝐢𝐧 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟔

● 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐦𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐞 learning is transforming how alternative data is processed and utilized. Advanced algorithms are enabling faster analysis of massive unstructured datasets, helping organizations generate real-time insights and improve forecasting accuracy. This trend is making alternative data more accessible and valuable across industries.

● 𝐀𝐧𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐤𝐞𝐲 𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 adoption of ESG and sustainability-focused datasets. Investors and businesses are increasingly incorporating environmental, social, and governance metrics into their decision-making processes. This shift is driving demand for new data sources that provide transparency, accountability, and long-term risk assessment capabilities.

● 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐜𝐲 𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞 are also shaping the industry landscape. Companies are focusing on compliance with global data protection laws while ensuring responsible data collection and usage practices. This emphasis on governance is strengthening trust among users and encouraging wider adoption of alternative data solutions.

𝐀𝐬𝐤 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭: https://www.imarcgroup.com/request?type=report&id=3709&flag=E

𝐀𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐒𝐞𝐠𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐎𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰

𝐁𝐲 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐓𝐲𝐩𝐞

● 𝐂𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐛𝐢𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 (~𝟏𝟕.𝟗% 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐞, 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓): Leading segment, driven by strong commercial validation and widespread use among asset managers. These datasets provide a 2–3 week lead time advantage over official retail earnings, making them highly valuable for investment decision-making.

● 𝐌𝐨𝐛𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐮𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞 (~𝟏𝟔.𝟒%): Reflects the intelligence value derived from billions of smartphone behavioral data streams, offering deep insights into consumer engagement and digital activity patterns.

● 𝐖𝐞𝐛 𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐝 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 (~𝟏𝟒.𝟖%): Covers pricing intelligence, job postings, and product availability tracking across millions of websites, enabling real-time competitive benchmarking and market monitoring.

● 𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 (~𝟏𝟑.𝟔%): Processes vast volumes of social media, news, and forum discussions using NLP models to generate actionable market sentiment indicators.

● 𝐒𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 (~𝟓.𝟏%, 𝐟𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭-𝐠𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠): Rapidly expanding due to declining satellite imagery costs and increasing use in geospatial analytics, supply chain tracking, and climate-based forecasting.

𝐁𝐲 𝐄𝐧𝐝-𝐔𝐬𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐲

● 𝐁𝐅𝐒𝐈 (~𝟏𝟕.𝟓% 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐞, 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓): Dominant segment driven by hedge funds, asset managers, and quantitative trading firms leveraging high-frequency alternative data signals for alpha generation.

● 𝐑𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐥 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐞𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐞 (~𝟏𝟔.𝟖%): Significant adoption for demand forecasting, pricing intelligence, and supply chain optimization, enhancing operational efficiency and competitiveness.

● 𝐈𝐓 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 (~𝟏𝟓.𝟒%): Utilizes alternative data for network optimization, customer churn prediction, and competitive benchmarking in highly dynamic markets.

● 𝐄𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐲 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐔𝐭𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 (~𝟏𝟎.𝟐%): Applies satellite and weather datasets for grid load forecasting, renewable energy output prediction, and infrastructure planning.

𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐃𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭?

North America dominates the global alternative data market with a share of over 68.9% in 2025, followed by Asia-Pacific and Europe. Regional performance is influenced by financial market maturity, regulatory frameworks, and digital data generation scale.

𝐍𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐡 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚 — 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧 North America commands approximately 68.9% of the global market in 2025. The region benefits from a high concentration of hedge funds and quantitative investment firms, a well-defined regulatory framework by the SEC, and a strong ecosystem of data providers and technology firms.

𝐀𝐬𝐢𝐚-𝐏𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜 — 𝐅𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐨𝐧 Asia-Pacific holds around 12.4% market share in 2025 and represents the fastest-growing region. Massive data generation from China’s smartphone users and India’s digital payment ecosystem drives significant growth opportunities, although monetization levels remain comparatively low.

𝐄𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐞 — 𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐄𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐝 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 Europe accounts for approximately 9.6% of the market in 2025. While the region benefits from a strong financial hub in London, GDPR compliance requirements create complexity in data collection and usage, impacting growth dynamics.

𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚 — 𝐄𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐎𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲 Latin America, with a 5.1% share, is gaining traction due to expanding digital payments, fintech growth, and increasing e-commerce data utilization, particularly in Brazil and Mexico.

𝐌𝐢𝐝𝐝𝐥𝐞 𝐄𝐚𝐬𝐭 & 𝐀𝐟𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚 — 𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲-𝐒𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐭𝐡 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭 MEA holds around 4.0% share in 2025, supported by sovereign wealth fund adoption, mobile money ecosystems, and national digital transformation initiatives such as Saudi Vision 2030.

𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐋𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐞: 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐀𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐓𝐨𝐩 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐲𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭?

The global alternative data market is moderately fragmented, with the top five players holding approximately 35–49% of the market share in 2025. Competition is driven by data exclusivity, analytics capabilities, and integration with financial platforms.

𝐁𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐠 𝐋.𝐏. Global Leader offering integrated financial and alternative data solutions through its Bloomberg Terminal. The company continues to expand its AI-driven analytics capabilities and alternative datasets portfolio.

𝐋𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐤 𝐄𝐱𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐩 (𝐋𝐒𝐄𝐆) Leader in multi-asset data and analytics, strengthened by its Refinitiv acquisition. Focuses on delivering compliant, AI-powered alternative data solutions integrated into trading systems.

𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐒𝐞𝐭 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐬 Leading neutral platform for alternative data distribution through its Open:FactSet Marketplace, offering seamless integration with investment workflows.

𝐒&𝐏 𝐆𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥 𝐈𝐧𝐜. Provides AI-driven analytics and alternative datasets through cloud, API, and Capital IQ platforms, with strong capabilities in credit intelligence and financial analytics.

𝐍𝐚𝐬𝐝𝐚𝐪 Emerging challenger with its Nasdaq Data Link platform, offering API-based alternative data marketplace solutions.

𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐢𝐧 𝐋𝐭𝐝. (𝐀 𝐁𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐤𝐑𝐨𝐜𝐤 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐫𝐲) Specializes in private market and hedge fund data intelligence, focusing on alternative investments and portfolio optimization insights.

𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐫 𝐁𝐞𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐨𝐫 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬

● 𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬: Financial institutions increasingly rely on alternative data to gain early signals and competitive advantages in investment strategies.

● 𝐒𝐡𝐢𝐟𝐭 𝐭𝐨𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥-𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞: Growing preference for streaming data over batch datasets to enable faster and more accurate decision-making.

● 𝐀𝐈-𝐝𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐚𝐝𝐨𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: Advanced machine learning and NLP models are transforming raw alternative data into actionable insights at scale.

● 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐞𝐱𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫: Unique and proprietary datasets command premium pricing and drive competitive advantage in the market.

𝐎𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐅𝐮𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐤

The alternative data market is poised for exponential growth, driven by AI integration, expansion into emerging markets, and increasing demand for real-time analytics. ESG-focused datasets and real-time streaming data are expected to be the fastest-growing segments, offering premium pricing opportunities.

Emerging markets such as India and Southeast Asia present significant untapped potential due to large-scale digital data generation and low current monetization. Strategic investments and early market entry can provide strong competitive advantages.

𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐃𝐨𝐞𝐬 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐂𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫?

If you are tracking the alternative data market in 2026 whether for investment decisions, market entry strategies, or competitive benchmarking—IMARC Group’s report provides:

● Complete market sizing with historical and forecast data (2020–2034)
● Detailed segmentation by data type, end-use industry, and region
● Country-level insights across major global markets
● Competitive landscape with key player profiling and SWOT analysis
● Advanced analytical tools including Porter’s Five Forces and value chain analysis
● Insights into regulatory developments and their market impact

𝐎𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐓𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐑𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐬 𝐁𝐲 𝐈𝐌𝐀𝐑𝐂 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐩:

Digital Shipyard Market Research Report

Soft Skills Training Market Research Report

𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐬 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭: https://www.imarcgroup.com/super-apps-market

𝐒𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐨𝐟𝐭𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭: https://www.imarcgroup.com/simulation-software-market

𝐒𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐌𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐞𝐭: https://www.imarcgroup.com/smart-mining-market

𝐍𝐨𝐭𝐞: 𝐈𝐟 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐬, 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚, 𝐨𝐫 𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭, 𝐰𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐨𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭. 𝐀𝐬 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐞, 𝐰𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝, 𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬. 𝐏𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐭 𝐮𝐬 𝐤𝐧𝐨𝐰 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐜𝐭 𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐝𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐥𝐥 𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐮𝐩𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐦𝐞𝐞𝐭 𝐲𝐨𝐮𝐫 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬.

𝐀𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐔𝐬:

IMARC Group is a global management consulting firm that helps the world’s most ambitious changemakers to create a lasting impact. The company provides a comprehensive suite of market entry and expansion services. IMARC offerings include thorough market assessment, feasibility studies, company incorporation assistance, factory setup support, regulatory approvals and licensing navigation, branding, marketing and sales strategies, competitive landscape and benchmarking analyses, pricing and cost research, and procurement research.

Elena Anderson
IMARC Services Private Limited
+1 201-971-6302
email us here

Legal Disclaimer:

EIN Presswire provides this news content "as is" without warranty of any kind. We do not accept any responsibility or liability for the accuracy, content, images, videos, licenses, completeness, legality, or reliability of the information contained in this article. If you have any complaints or copyright issues related to this article, kindly contact the author above.